Impreso.

Tesis de Doctorado -- Washington University in St. Louis. Department of Anthropology, 2011.

Contenido: Abstract -- CHAPTER 1.- Introduction -- CHAPTER 2.- The world of pastoralism and camelid herding -- A conceptual framework for understanding pastoralism -- Andean pastoralism -- CHAPTER 3.- Research problem: early camelid pastoralism in the central altiplano -- The central Altiplano of the south central Andes -- Research questions -- Hypotheses -- Archaeological expectations -- CHAPTER 4.- Study area -- Environment of the Central Altiplano -- paleoenvironment -- Iroco -- vegetation and microenvironments -- fauna -- CHAPTER 5.- materials and methods -- Regional archaeology -- Site archaeology -- Archaeological materials -- Faunal remains -- CHAPTER 6.- Archaeological Survey and settlement patterns -- Early pastoralist settlement patterns at Iroco -- Archaic period settlement pattern -- Formative period settlement pattern -- Tiwanaku period settlement pattern -- Settlement patterns after the disintegration of the Tiwanaku state -- CHAPTER 7.- Archaeological excavations and settlement Layouts -- KCH20: an early archaic period base camp -- KCH21: a formative period residential base -- KCH26: a residential structure within a formative period settlement -- KCH11: A formative and Tiwanaku pastoralist settlement -- KCH22: A tiwanaku period settlement -- Paleoethnobotanical analisys and plant utilization at Iroco -- CHAPTER 8.- Zooarchaeological analisys -- Quantitative properties -- Inter-taxonomic representation -- Camelids -- Other faunal resources -- CHAPTER 9.- Discussion: understanding early andean camelid pastoralism -- The archaic period foraging system -- The formative period pastoralist system -- The Tiwanaku state and the central altiplano -- CHAPTER 10.- Conclusions -- Methodological insights -- Theoretical insights -- Early camelid pastoralism in the central altiplano -- Epilogue: pastoralism in the central altiplano today, 2011.

A fundamental goal of anthropological research is to understand the reasons for and consequenses of the development of specialized agricultural systems. The domestication of south american camelids (llamas and alpacas) was associated with the development of specialized pastoralist societies that are still poorly understood. In the central altiplano of Bolivia, during the Formative Period (1800 BC - AD 400) a cultural complex known as Wankarani developed. Altough Wankarani is often cited as an example of early herding society, to date, there has not been an archaeologically oriented study, focused on understanding the characteristics of its basic economic organization. The goal of thios dissertation is to improve current understanding of the nature and development of early camelid pastoralism in the Andean highlands by testing a set of hypotheses related tothe economic organization of the Wankarani cultural complex and its change through time. I directed a three-year field project in Iroco (located in Oruro, Bolivia) that involved high-intensity survey of 38.35 Km2, horizontalexcavations at five sites, and detailed analysis of the recovered faunal remains. Based od quantitative analyses of the collected data and ethnoarchaeologically derived expectations, I demonstrate that early camelid pastoralism was characterized by high residential and logistical mobility, low population densities, and a generalized subsistence base. This system remained locally sustainable and largely unchanged for many centuries, but the expansion of the Tiwanaku state (AD 400 - 1100) produced a regional reorganization that included population aggregation, cultivation intensification, and increased caravan exchange.

Ingles.