Since the 16th century, about 30 kinds of edible American plants have been introduced to China, among which corn, sweet potato, potato, and the like have had a particularly far-reaching influence. The author thus terms the period from the 16th to 17th centuries 'the influx of American crops into China'. From the perspective of food history and the history of food exchange between China and foreign countries, this chapter emphasizes the impact of introduction of American crops to Chinese society's agricultural production, food structure, dietary life, population growth, and ecological environment.